CONCATENATE function

CONCATENATE (First, Other..., Locale?) CONCATENATE (First; Other...; Locale?)

First

The first value or array of values.

Other

Additional values or arrays of values.

Locale

Locale Locale (optional)

The locale to use when doing number conversions.

A locale represents a language and possibly a region. If omitted, the configured locale is used.

Use a value such as Locale.EnglishLocale,English to provide a locale (the full list is below). If your chosen locale is not part of the list, use the LOCALE function instead.

All locales may not be available. If a locale is not available, a fallback locale can be used. To provide such fallback locales, use the LOCALE function.

The LOCALE function accepts so-called Unicode Locale Identifiers. Every value in the list below corresponds to such an identifier.

Supported locales
Formula	Unicode Locale Identifier	Description
Locale.ArabicLocale,Arabic	ar	Arabic
Locale.BulgarianLocale,Bulgarian	bg	Bulgarian
Locale.ChineseCnLocale,ChineseCn	zh-CN	Chinese (simplified), as used in mainland China
Locale.ChineseTwLocale,ChineseTw	zh-TW	Chinese (traditional), as used in Taiwan
Locale.CroatianLocale,Croatian	hr	Croatian
Locale.CzechLocale,Czech	cs	Czech
Locale.DanishLocale,Danish	da	Danish
Locale.DutchLocale,Dutch	nl	Dutch
Locale.DutchBeLocale,DutchBe	nl-BE	Dutch, as used in Belgium
Locale.EnglishLocale,English	en	English
Locale.EnglishAuLocale,EnglishAu	en-AU	English, as used in Australia
Locale.EnglishCaLocale,EnglishCa	en-CA	English, as used in Canada
Locale.EnglishInLocale,EnglishIn	en-IN	English, as used in India
Locale.EnglishNzLocale,EnglishNz	en-NZ	English, as used in New Zealand
Locale.EnglishUkLocale,EnglishUk	en-GB	English, as used in the United Kingdom
Locale.EnglishUsLocale,EnglishUs	en-US	English, as used in the United States of America
Locale.EnglishZaLocale,EnglishZa	en-ZA	English, as used in South Africa
Locale.FinnishLocale,Finnish	fi	Finnish
Locale.FrenchLocale,French	fr	French
Locale.FrenchBeLocale,FrenchBe	fr-BE	French, as used in Belgium
Locale.FrenchCaLocale,FrenchCa	fr-CA	French, as used in Canada
Locale.FrenchChLocale,FrenchCh	fr-CH	French, as used in Switzerland
Locale.GermanLocale,German	de	German
Locale.GermanAtLocale,GermanAt	de-AT	German, as used in Austria
Locale.GermanChLocale,GermanCh	de-CH	German, as used in Switzerland
Locale.GreekLocale,Greek	el	Greek
Locale.HebrewLocale,Hebrew	he	Hebrew
Locale.HindiLocale,Hindi	hi	Hindi
Locale.HungarianLocale,Hungarian	hu	Hungarian
Locale.IndonesianLocale,Indonesian	id	Indonesian
Locale.ItalianLocale,Italian	it	Italian
Locale.ItalianChLocale,ItalianCh	it-CH	Italian, as used in Switzerland
Locale.JapaneseLocale,Japanese	ja	Japanese
Locale.KoreanLocale,Korean	ko	Korean
Locale.NorwegianLocale,Norwegian	nb	Norwegian (bokmål)
Locale.PersianLocale,Persian	fa	Persian
Locale.PolishLocale,Polish	pl	Polish
Locale.PortugueseLocale,Portuguese	pt	Portuguese
Locale.PortugueseBrLocale,PortugueseBr	pt-BR	Portuguese, as used in Brazil
Locale.RomanianLocale,Romanian	ro	Romanian
Locale.RussianLocale,Russian	ru	Russian
Locale.SlovakLocale,Slovak	sk	Slovak
Locale.SpanishLocale,Spanish	es	Spanish
Locale.SpanishArLocale,SpanishAr	es-AR	Spanish, as used in Argentina
Locale.SpanishEsLocale,SpanishEs	es-ES	Spanish, as used in Spain
Locale.SpanishMxLocale,SpanishMx	es-MX	Spanish, as used in Mexico
Locale.SwedishLocale,Swedish	sv	Swedish
Locale.ThaiLocale,Thai	th	Thai
Locale.TurkishLocale,Turkish	tr	Turkish
Locale.UkrainianLocale,Ukrainian	uk	Ukrainian
Locale.VietnameseLocale,Vietnamese	vi	Vietnamese

Returns

Text Text

A text string containing all given values in the order they are given.

Joins any number of values together as a single text string and returns it. CONCATENATE ("te", "st") CONCATENATE ("te"; "st") returns "test" and CONCATENATE ("This is pi: ", PI ()) CONCATENATE ("This is pi: "; PI ()) returns "This is pi: 3.14159265358979".

Converting numbers to text strings

If a number is given as a parameter, it is converted to a text string:

CONCATENATE ("The value is: ", 1234.56)

CONCATENATE ("The value is: "; 1234,56)

This formula returns a value such as "The value is: 1234.56", using the decimal separator of the configured locale. If that locale is German, for instance, "The value is: 1234,56" is returned instead. Thousands separators are not used.

Determining how numbers are converted to text

To get a formatted value where you determine how the numbers are formatted, use any of these functions:

Colors, logical values and blank values

Colors are converted to CSS color values, such as "#00ff00ff" for green with no transparency. The logical value FALSE is converted to "FALSE" and TRUE is converted to "TRUE". Blank values (including those produced by the BLANK function) are converted to "" .

CONCATENATE and the & operator versus CONCAT

CONCATENATE is fully equivalent to the & operator. In many ways, it is also similar to the CONCAT function. These formulas all return the same value:

CONCATENATE ("Value: ", PI ())

CONCATENATE ("Value: "; PI ())

"Value: " & PI ()

CONCAT ("Value: ", PI ())

CONCAT ("Value: "; PI ())

CONCAT differs from CONCATENATE and & in that it always returns a single text string, even when invoked with arrays. These two formulas both return the array { "a1", "b1" }{ "a1"; "b1" }:

CONCATENATE ({ "a", "b" }, 1)

CONCATENATE ({ "a"; "b" }; 1)

{ "a", "b" } & 1

{ "a"; "b" } & 1

However, this CONCAT formula returns "ab1":

CONCAT ({ "a", "b" }, 1)

CONCAT ({ "a"; "b" }; 1)

These two formulas both return the array { "ac", "bd" }{ "ac"; "bd" }:

CONCATENATE ({ "a", "b" }, { "c", "d" })

CONCATENATE ({ "a"; "b" }; { "c"; "d" })

{ "a", "b" } & { "c", "d" }

{ "a"; "b" } & { "c"; "d" }

However, this CONCAT formula returns "abcd":

CONCAT ({ "a", "b" }, { "c", "d" })

CONCAT ({ "a"; "b" }; { "c"; "d" })

Examples

CONCATENATE ("te", "st")

CONCATENATE ("te"; "st")

Returns "test".

CONCATENATE ("The value is: ", PI ())

CONCATENATE ("The value is: "; PI ())

Returns "The value is: 3.14159265358979".

CONCATENATE ("The value is: ", FORMAT (1234.56, 2, 2))

CONCATENATE ("The value is: "; FORMAT (1234,56; 2; 2))

Returns a text string like "The value is: 1,234.56" if the configured locale is US English, and one like "The value is: 1.234,56" if the configured locale is German. The particulars of the formatted number are determined by the parameters given to the FORMAT function. Here the second parameter 2 signifies that the number should be formatted with at least two decimal places. Refer to the documentation for FORMAT for more information.

CONCATENATE ({ "a", 3 }, "b")

CONCATENATE ({ "a"; 3 }; "b")

Returns the array { "ab", "3b" }{ "ab"; "3b" } (equivalent to { "a" & "b", 3 & "b" }{ "a" & "b"; 3 & "b" }.

CONCATENATE ({ "a", 3 }, { "b", TRUE })

CONCATENATE ({ "a"; 3 }; { "b"; TRUE })

Returns the array { "ab", "3TRUE" }{ "ab"; "3TRUE" } (equivalent to { "a" & "b", 3 & TRUE }{ "a" & "b"; 3 & TRUE }.

{ "a", 3 } & { "b", TRUE }

{ "a"; 3 } & { "b"; TRUE }

Returns the array { "ab", "3TRUE" }{ "ab"; "3TRUE" } (equivalent to { CONCATENATE ("a", "b"), CONCATENATE (3, TRUE) }{ CONCATENATE ("a"; "b"); CONCATENATE (3; TRUE) }. & is equivalent to CONCATENATE.

CONCAT ({ "a", 3 }, { "b", TRUE })

CONCAT ({ "a"; 3 }; { "b"; TRUE })

Returns the text string "a3bTRUE". CONCAT always returns a single text string, never an array.